The man, aged 43 years old, was arrested in the Stewartstown area under Section 41 of the Terrorism Act.
He is currently being questioned by detectives in Musgrave Serious Crime Suite.
Four men aged 22, 38, 45 and 47 years old also arrested in connection with the attempted murder remain in police custody at this time.
DCI Caldwell, a senior officer in the PSNI’s Major Investigation Team, was shot multiple times by two masked gunmen as he put footballs into the boot of his care.
He is currently “critical but sedated” in Altnagelvin Hospital.
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