A weekday practical car driving test will cost £65 instead of £45.50.
The cost of MOT tests for cars and light goods vehicles are increasing from £30.50 to £38.
It is the first price rise for most vehicle test fees since 2005 and for most practical driving test fees since 2009, the Department for Infrastructure said.
The price rises will be implemented for tests booked after 1 October, with those booked before that date unaffected.
The changes will also see the price of motorcycle tests rising to £34 and taxis to £147.
The department said the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA) is facing a shortfall in its income due to “the rising cost of delivering services”.
It added that the DVA “must cover the cost of delivering services through the income it generates from fees”.
The increase in fees follows a public consultation earlier this year.
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